So you are aware of the importance of screening for colorectal cancer. You know the recommended guidelines. But what options exist for screening?
There are two main forms of colorectal cancer screening: stool-based and visual. Each type offers unique advantages and disadvantages.
Stool-based tests involve collecting a fecal sample and sending it to a lab for testing. Regarding stool-based tests, it is important to note that an abnormal test result will require a follow-up colonoscopy. The following are common types of stool-based tests:
The guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) uses the chemical guaiac to look for blood in the stool. It must be done every year.
Similar, but slightly different, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool and must be completed every year
The FIT-DNA test detects altered DNA in the stool along with blood like in FIT. This test is performed once every three years.
In visual screening, the doctor examines your colon visually to look for polyps or other areas of concern. A colonoscopy is the most well-known form of visual testing, but several others exist:
In a colonoscopy, the doctor uses a flexible, lighted tube to examine the inside of your colon. This should be done once every ten years.
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is similar to a colonoscopy, but the doctor uses a shorter tube and only examines the lower third of your colon, rather than the entire colon. This form of screening should be done every five years.
A computed tomography (CT) colonography, also known as a virtual colonoscopy, uses X-rays and computers to produce virtual images of your colon. The doctor then examines these on a computer screen. A CT colonography is performed every five years.
Keep in mind that the recommended screening frequencies are for those who do not have increased risk of colorectal cancer. If you are at increased risk, you may need more frequent screening.
Which type of screening is best for you? There are pros and cons to each, and it is up to each individual to determine what works best for them. Personal preference and personal or family health history are two factors that might affect your decision. Your doctor can help you determine what type of screening works best for you.
By Lucia Plagge
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